A revision of the Asian and European species in the subgenus Amiota Loew (Diptera,Drosophilidae) and the establishment of species-groups based on phylogenetic analysis

A total of 53 Amiota (s. str.) species (75% of the world total) from Asia and Europe, including 10 new species, kamui, kimurai and planata from Japan, and aristata, cuii, macai, magniflava, nuerhachii, spinata and watabei from China, are reviewed with designation of two new synonymies and phylogenetic analysis. Based upon the result of cladistic analysis with 31 adult male morphological characters, the following conclusions are deduced: (1) The subgenus Amiota is monophyletic, so far as the Asian and European forms are concerned. (2) Seven monophyletic groups are recognized within this subgenus. Two of them correspond to known species-groups, the apodemata and sinuata groups, and the remaining five are established as new species-groups, the nagatai, basdeni, taurusata, alboguttata and rufescens groups. A key to all the studied species from Asia and Europe is provided.     

A review of the genus Talavera Peckham and Peckham, 1909 (Araneae,Salticidae)

The species of the Holarctic jumping spider genus Talavera are reviewed. Five new species are described: Talavera ikedai sp. n. (¦ §) from Japan and Korea; T. krocha sp. n. (¦ §) from France, Ukraine and Kyrghyzstan; T. parvistyla sp. n. (¦ §) from central and northern Europe; T. sharlaa sp. n. (§) from Tuva; and T. tuvensis sp. n. (¦) from Tuva. A lectotype is designated for Euophrys monticola Kulczy ` ski, 1884. A key to the 14 species now encompassed in this genus, and distributional maps, are provided for all of them. Arguments are given for placing the names Euophrys poecilopus Thorell, 1873 and Attus westringi Simon, 1868 as nomina dubia. Talavera aperta Miller, 1971 is removed from synonymy with both Talavera monticola (Kulczy ` ski, 1884) and Talavera thorelli (Kulczy ` ski, 1891).     

新制度经济学与混合制管理模式

交易成本经济学和代理理论是新制度经济学的两个重要理论。以交易成本为主要研究对象，交易成本经济学指出，根据交易的性质选择不同的管理模式能使交易费用最小化，提高经济活动的效率。代理理论则从研究激励成本的角度出发．探讨如何设计一套有效的激励机制去降低交易成本、提高经济效率。综合两种理论的主要观点，本文构建了一个以激励为度量的三维模型去研究计划、混合制和市场三种管理模式，强调混合制管理模式既结合了计划及市场模式的优点，又克服了两者的缺点，是一种更为有效的管理模式。     

改善生态环境与提高农民生活水平的示范模式——“中日技术合作山西省雁门关地区生态恢复及扶贫项目”成效浅析

分析了＂中日技术合作山西省雁门关地区生态恢复及扶贫项目＂运营4年来取得的成效,并且总结出了一些项目运营理念,对于同类地区的类似项目实施具有借鉴意义。     

Gastrointestinal helminths from fifteen species of Litoria and Nyctimystes (Anura: Hylidae) from Papua New Guinea

Three hundred and ninety‐nine individuals representing 10 species of Litoria and five species of Nyctimystes (Hylidae), L. arfakiana, L. bibonius, L. eucnemis, L. genimaculata, L. impura, L. infrafrenata, L. modica, L. nasuta, L. thesaurensis, L. wollastoni, N. gularis, N. kubori, N. papua, N. pulcher and N. semipalmatus collected in Papua New Guinea were examined for helminths. Gravid individuals representing one species of Monogenea (Parapolystoma bulliense), one species of Digenea (Mesocoelium monas), 18 species of Nematoda (Aplectana krausi, Aplectana macintoshi, Aplectana zweifeli, Cosmocerca novaeguineae, Falcaustra papuensis, Icosiella papuensis, Maxvachonia adamsoni, Maxvachonia ewersi, Meteterakis crombiei, Moaciria moraveci, Ochoterenella papuensis, Oswaldocruzia bakeri, Parapharyngdon maplestoni, Parathelandros allisoni, Parathelandros andersoni, Physalopteroides milnensis, Rhabdias australiensis, Seuratascaris numidica) and one species of Acanthocephala (Acanthocephalus bufonis) were found. Also included were immature forms representing one species of Cestoda (as a metacestode), three species of Nematoda (Abbreviata sp., Rictulariidae gen. sp., Ascarididae gen. sp. in cysts), one species of Acanthocephala (unidentified cystacanth), and one species of Pentastomida [Raillietiella sp. (nymph)]. The mean helminth species richness for infected hosts was 1.3±0.6 SD (range one to three species). Sixty‐seven new host records and two new locality records are reported.     

国际篮球新规则的改良对篮球运动的冲击和教练员执教理念的影响

文章针对2008年4月26日国际篮球联合会中央局会议通过的关于2010年10月1日后实施的改革内容进行了探讨，认为新规则增大了比赛难度、加快了攻防转化的节奏、在比赛参赛人群中拓宽了人才的流入，从而有力地冲击了旧体制下的运动格局的变化，带动了篮球攻防体系向多元化体系发展。同时要求教练员针对新规则下运动员的培养，针对性的训练以及场上内外线的搭配上提_出了新的要求，为篮球教学训练提供参考。     

论红三十三军的历史功绩

由川东游击军改编成的红三十三军,其战斗历程、巨大贡献和历史作用,在中国革命史和军史上都留下了重要篇章。对红三十三军的建立及演变、战斗功绩、历史地位和作用进行了梳理。     

Revision of the Neotropical species of the tribe Euderomphalini (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)

The Neotropical species and genera of the tribe Euderomphalini (Eulophidae: Entedoninae) are revised. Five genera are described as new: Cabeza, including six species (baeostigma (§, ¦), canaliculata (§), laticeps (¦), petiolata (§), planiscapus (§), ugaldei (§)); Itahipeus, including two species (brasilicola (§, ¦), euryceps (¦)); Monterrondo, including one species (aphelosoma (§)); Sifraneurus, including one species (strigifer (§)); Xenopomphale, including one species (sulcata (§)); all above-mentioned species are described as new. Five additional genera are included: Aleuroctonus LaSalle and Schauff, with four species, one described previously: vittatus (Dozier) (§, ¦), and three described here: latiscapus (§), marki, (§, ¦) and metallicus (§); Entedononecremnus Girault, with 14 species, two described previously: krauteri Zolnerowich and Rose (§, ¦), unicus Girault (§, ¦), and 12 described here: bennetti (§, ¦), bimaculatus (§, ¦), convexus (§, ¦), crassicornis (§, ¦), depressus (§), fulgens (§), hansoni (§, ¦), imdasus (§, ¦), parfer (§, ¦), reticulatus (§), tripar (§) and unicarinatus (§); Euderomphale Girault, with two species, one described previously: flavimedia (Howard), and one described here: sulciscapus (§, ¦); Neopomphale LaSalle and Schauff, with 20 species, two described previously: aleurothrixi (Dozier) (§, ¦), quercicola (Dozier) (§, ¦), and 18 described here: azofeifai (¦), cerrobius (¦), depilis (§), dichrous (§, ¦), erecta (¦), graciliclava (§), longicornis (¦), longipilis (§, ¦), nonaequa (§, ¦), noyesi (§), pinguicornis (§, ¦), prymna (§), rubescens (§, ¦), rubii (§), silvestris (¦), transversa (§), umbonata (§, ¦), xenipennis (§); Dasyomphale LaSalle and Schauff, including one species (chilensis LaSalle and Schauff). The genera are placed in either one of three genus-groups, one of which is newly created. The species Euderomphale quercicola Dozier is newly combined to Neopomphale. Lectotypes are designated for Entedononecremnus unicus Girault, Euderomphale quercicola Dozier and Gyrolasia flavimedia Howard. Key to genera and species are included.     

A New Critic Approach to the Irony in The Bluest Eye

As the first African American female Nobel laureate for literature, Toni Morrison is one of the most outstanding black writers in contemporary American literature. Her first novel The Bluest Eye, vividly depicts the physical and mental trauma of black people from slavery and the internalization of the white values with the loss of their own identity. The New Criticism advocates the application of tension, irony and paradox in works to generate a resonant effect. This essay intends to explore the strategy of irony used in The Bluest Eye by adopting the New Critic approach. It digs out the various manifestations of irony and investigates its contributions to highlighting the theme and its contextual significance.     

21世纪教育者准备迎接的新角色

从21世纪的教师在计算机和计算机通讯网络组成的新的教育环境中的作用出发,探讨了教师将扮演的新角色和所需的能力。